3. before, since
(1)before引导的从句中一般不用否定式谓语,常用句型有:
①It is long before…
②t is not long before…
③It will be some time before…do…
④It was some time before…did…
【例5】John thinks it won’t be long ______ he is ready for his new job.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
答案:C。
点拨:此题从主、从句的时态上可判断要用上述句式③,句意为“约翰认为他不久就能为新工作作好准备”。
【注意】before引导从句时,词义非常灵活,注意下列句子中的before的词义。
①Before I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及……就)
②We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.(还没……就)
③We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(……才……)
④Please write it down before you forget it.(趁还……没就)
【例6】The fire went on for quite some time _________ it was brought under control.
A. when B. since C. after D. before
答案:D。
点拨:此题所给的四个选项干扰性都很大,要从句子结构的意思两方面考虑,句中的before 本意为“在……之前”,在这里相当于“……才……”,整句的意思是“大火燃烧了相当一段时间才得到控制”。
(2)since意为“自从……”,主句用完成时。
【例7】Problems relating to people’s livelihood(民生)have been the focus of the government,especially_____ Premiel Wen Jiabao included them in his government work report last year.
A.when B.if C.since D.until
答案:C。
点拨:此题从句意和主句的时态看,应用since表示“自从……”之意,其他选项在时态和意思上都不符合。此句意思是“有关民生的问题已经成了政府工作的重点,尤其是自从温家宝总理去年将民生写入政府工作报告以来。”
【注意】在It is ...since +v这个句型结构中,since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词(瞬间动词),所表示的是否定的(反译);若用延续性动词或状态动词,所表示的是肯定的(直译)。如:
①It is 3 years since I started smoking.
我吸烟3年了。(start表示一种状态。因此句子用肯定的翻译)
②It is 3 years since I smoked.
我戒烟有三年了。(smoke是瞬间动词,表示瞬间动作或者短暂时间的动作,因此用反译。)
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